The current article is a review of the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2019 and March 2020 on the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The major areas of publications during the time period were in the areas of human studies as well as mechanistic insights from animal models. Most papers focussed on the bacterial component of the gut microbiota although some papers described aspects of the virome and mycobiome. Over 130 relevant papers were published in the reporting period.