Gut microbiota has a significant influence on human health and is also involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders. The reconstitution of the healthy gut microbiota is an essential aim in the treatment of disorders associated with microbiota imbalance. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the infusion of faces from healthy donors to patients, with the aim of curing a particular disease. This treatment is highly effective in the cure of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and has been increasingly evaluated in other disorders associated with microbial dysbiosis.

Over time, different FMT working protocols have been investigated and, until now, methodology has not yet been standardized. Future efforts to improve the therapeutic effect of FMT will include the definition of specific protocols for each disease, the application of metagenomic techniques for the assessment of gut microbiota composition into daily practice, and the development of well-designed studies.