The gut microbiota inherits fundamental functions in the preservation of human health properties as they are crucial for nutrient acquisition and digestive properties, energy metabolism, and training of host immunity functions. Colonization of the human stomach by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori and corresponding antibiotic treatment regimens have a great impact on the number and composition of the gut microbiota. Recently, treatment with probiotic bacteria come into focus as nutritional supplements for H. pylori suppression and to boost the success rate of antibiotic treatment against the pathogen, to mitigate the gut dysbiosis and to accelerate the restoration of the gut microbiota. The present article reviews the most recent literature between April 2020 and March 2021 about the impact of H. pylori infection and its antimicrobial treatment on the gut microbiota.